2022 3rd BOLU INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION
What is Violence?
The World Health Organization (WHO)defines violence as “a scenario in which physical force or power is used to another person in the form of a deliberate threat or actuality, resulting in or likely to result in damage, death, or psychological harmto the person exposed.”
Domestic violence includes abuse against children, the elderly, and, in particular, violence against womenby a spouse. In both rich and developing countries, violence is a major public health issue. Violence against women is a major issue all around the world.
Acts of violence, according to lawyers, are “aggressive and rudeness that people engage in against their like, causing substantial or insignificant damage or injury to them.” This concept highlights the connection between violence and the use of force that results in irreversible physical injury. Children, women, and the elderly are the most vulnerable to violence.
Individual violence is researched within the umbrella of domestic violence in this regard. Individual violence, on the other hand, is a component that contributes to collective violence. The consequent damages are also assessed from an individual standpoint, based on the incident that person has gone through. The employment of weapons is one of the most common methods seen in violent activities.
Firearms, in addition to being a component that aggravates the outcome of violence, are also a factor that causes violence. With the growth of private weapons, there has been a significant surge in both violent and death-ending incidents around the world, including our own nation. Murders committed with guns account for a significant portion of the total. 60% of violent deaths include the use of a firearm.
VIOLENCE AGAINST;
CLICK ON THE TOPICS FOR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
BONUS TOPIC
against women
Physical, emotional, sexual, and economic violence are the four main types of violence against women. Physical violence is defined as a breach of the wounded person’s physical integrity. The violence produced by the use of physical force can inflict temporary or permanent harm to a person’s body, and can even result in death. Physical violence is also used in the practice of sexual violence. However, in order to be classified as sexual violence, the act must be of the magnitude of an assault on the person’s sexual integrity. This type of attack does not necessarily have to be physical. Sexual violence includes, for example, verbal sexual harassment. When emotional and economic violence occurs, no conclusions are made. In reality, they are the most prevalent, but also the least common, and hence the most difficult kinds of violence to combat.
against children
Cases of violence against children are the ones that do the most harm among all cases of violence, and they are the ones that are the most concealed and unreported. Violence against children is commonly referred to as child abuse since it impedes the child’s development. In its widest meaning, physical abuse is described as “non-accidental damage to a kid.” The most prevalent type of instance is physical abuse and beating of a youngster. Physical abuse is defined as “abuse that causes the appearance of ecchymoses, fractures, burns, and other lesions that inflict physical harm to the body.” Non-accidental injuries and child abuse are examples of physical abuse.
against refugees
A refugee is “a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion and therefore leaves his/her country and is unable or unwilling to return because of his/her fear”. Persons with refugee status are already in their own country, in the process of escape, in the country of asylum; They are the victims of many forms of violence such as rape, persecution, terrorism and ethnic cleansing. Violence against refugee women is as common as children. They are exposed to situations such as sexual and physical violence against women, exploitation and discrimination, being forced into sex work.
against disabled
Disabled violence has been the most conspicuous category of acts against disabled persons in recent years. The limitation imposed by handicap also limits people’s responses when they are subjected to violence. Basically, the issue is that a person with a physical or mental impairment that restricts one or more key daily tasks is restricted in response. In addition, caregiver aggression comes to the fore in this demographic, where care is more significant.
against employee
“Mobbing” is a process that includes various stages. Various psychological factors are involved in the formation process and adversely affect the health of the targeted person. The frequency, repetition and duration of the “mobbing” that affect the victim the most. The greater the psychological violence and the longer its duration, the greater its effect. The private and social life of the person who becomes unhappy and withdrawn by being exposed to psychological violence is affected. One of the ways frequently used in the process of “mobbing” is to defame or defame the victim. Although the victim’s performance, ability and skill are high, they are shown as inadequate or some mistakes that were not subject to complaint before may be seen as a problem.
THEME OF THE COMPETITION: “AGAINST VIOLENCE”
DATES:
Open for Entries: November 1, 2021
Deadline: April 15, 2022
Jury Evaluation: 17 Apr 2022 – 25 Apr 2022
Announcement of Results: 30 Apr 2021
ABOUT THE THEME
a) The posters they will send are related to one or more of the following types of violence,
• Violence against women,
• Violence against children,
• Violence against the elderly,
• Violence against the employee,
• Violence against the disabled,
• Violence against refugees,
• Violence against animals,
• Social Media violence.
b) Participation is expected with posters on the theme of violence that comply with the participation conditions below.
AIM OF THE COMPETITION
Under the theme of violence, it covers the gathering of designs that aim to raise awareness and create awareness on the above-mentioned issues, under an international event roof.
EXHIBITION
The final exhibition to be organized by Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Universitycan be viewed online at biahposter.com.
AWARDS
1 BIAH Crystal Plaque, Certificate of Participation and Special Edition Catalogue will be given to the artists who are placed in the top three rankings in the competition.
TERMS OF PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPETITION
A. Participation in the competition is open and free for everyone.
B. There is no limit for sending posters.
C. A verbal message (title, slogan, etc.) that supports the visual design can be used in the posters.
D. The language of the messages/slogan only in English.
E. Posters should be worked as 4134 x 5906px, 300dpi, RGB (vertical) and sent in JPEG format. Inappropriate designs will be eliminated without being evaluated.
F. There should not be any LOGO, institution name or sign in the designs.
G. Submitted designs must not have been exhibited, published or awarded anywhere before. Applications of works that have been exhibited or participated in the exhibition before will be eliminated before the evaluation stage. If this occurs after the first three runs have been identified, the ranking will be updated to skip one row. In this case, the candidate is obliged to return the certificate of achievement and the award.
H. The determination process of this situation continues with the sharing of the posters with the public on the website, the suspension of the designs for 5 days, the removal of the design from the list when there is an objection or detection regarding the similarity, and the announcement by adding the next design in its place. 2 days objection period is given for the added design or designs. If there is no objection, the final result is announced. If objections are raised for the added designs, the organizing committee decides whether this process will continue or not.
I. Poster designs to be made on the subject specified in the event will be evaluated.
J. For poster design, sponsor, commercial LOGOs or visuals should not be used. In addition, it should not contain symbols and images that are political, contrary to human rights, or contain sexuality.
K. Only applications made through the biahposter.com website will be considered.
L. If the Organizing Committee deems necessary, it may change the exhibition schedule or cancel the exhibition at any stage.
M. The organizers and the organizing committee can make any decision regarding the competition and the organization, whether or not they inform the participants.
N. All artists/designers participating in the event and whose designs are deemed worthy of being exhibited are deemed to have accepted the provisions of this specification in advance.
EVALUATION OF THE COMPETITION
A. The works to be evaluated will go through a one-stage jury elimination process. The evaluation phase will be carried out through the online voting system that will be defined to the juries. The information of the participants (including the country information) will be hidden in the online voting panel defined for the juries. The results will be determined by averaging the scores of the posters on which the jury members voted on a scale of 1 to 5. All the processes in the qualifying stages will be done entirely on the internet, and the scores and results will be automatically calculated by the system. During the process, the juries will be able to view the percentage of votes previously given to the posters, but for transparency reasons, viewing which jury gave how many points to which work will be restricted.
B. The visuals of all works sent by the participants at the end of the event are treated as if their financial rights were taken over by Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, with all their copyrights, in the form of a simple license. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University visuals of all the works sent by the participants; Posters, catalogues, brochures, etc., in Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University web pages, television broadcasts, internet and social media sites, events and educational activities. as all kinds of promotional materials as specified in the relevant articles of the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works No. 5846; will have the right to use all copyrights without paying any price, including the right to use and display for display, as well as the right to transmit to the public by means of processing, reproduction, dissemination, representation, sign, sound or image transmission. The candidate declares, accepts and undertakes that he will not object to this matter and that he has already irrevocably waived his right to take legal action.
THE EXTRAS
A. Candidates participating in the competition are deemed to have accepted all the conditions in this specification in advance, from the moment they apply to participate in the competition.
B. In matters not specified in the specification or in case of hesitation, the decisions of the organizers (on behalf of the institution) are valid.
相關連結:
BOLU INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION相關競賽:
- 2022 3rd BOLU INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION2022 3rd BOLU INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION BIAH Crystal Plaque, Certificate of Participation and Special Edition Catalogue will be given to the artists who are placed in the top three rankings in the competition.
- 2021 2nd BOLU INTERNATIONAL ART HALL INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION2021 2nd BOLU INTERNATIONAL ART HALL INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION Deadline: September 15, 2021. An ecosystem includes all living things (plants, animals and organisms)
延伸閱讀:
- 海報設計大賽 BIAH 2022 | 3rd BOLU INTERNATIONAL POSTER DESIGN COMPETITION什麼是暴力? 世界衛生組織 (WHO) 將暴力定義為「以蓄意威脅或現實的形式對他人使用武力或權力,導致或可能導致對他人造成損害、死亡或心理傷害的情況。暴露的人。」家庭暴力包括虐待兒童、老人,尤其是配偶對婦女的暴力。在發達國家和發展中國家,暴力都是一個主要的公共衛生問題。對婦女的暴力是全世界的一個主要問題。根據律師的說法,暴力行為是「人們對自己的同類採取的侵略性和粗魯行為,對他們造成重大或微不足道的損害或傷害。」這個概念強調了暴力與導致不可逆轉的身體傷害的使用武力之間的聯繫。兒童、婦女和老人最容易受到暴力侵害。在這方面,個人暴力是在家庭暴力的範圍內進行研究的。另一方面,個人暴力是導致集體暴力的一個組成部分。隨之而來的損害也是根據個人所經歷的事件從個人的角度進行評估的。使用武器是暴力活動中最常見的方法之一。槍支不僅是加劇暴力後果的一個組成部分,也是導致暴力的一個因素。隨著私人武器的增長,包括我們自己國家在內的世界各地的暴力和致死事件都顯著增加。持槍謀殺佔總數的很大一部分。60% 的暴力死亡包括使用槍支。 關於這個主題 寄送的海報與以下一種或多種類型的暴力有關: 針對婦女的暴力, 針對兒童的暴力, 針對老年人的暴力, 對員工的暴力行為, 針對殘疾人的暴力, 針對難民的暴力, 針對動物的暴力, 社交媒體暴力。 https://www.biahposter.com/submit-now/
- 博鲁国际艺术馆第三届国际海报设计大赛比赛主题 反对暴力 social media violence 什么是暴力? 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 将暴力定义为“以蓄意威胁或现实的形式对他人使用武力或权力,导致或可能导致对他人造成损害、死亡或心理伤害的情况。暴露的人。” 家庭暴力包括虐待儿童、老人,尤其是配偶对妇女的暴力。在发达国家和发展中国家,暴力都是一个主要的公共卫生问题。对妇女的暴力是全世界的一个主要问题。 根据律师的说法,暴力行为是“人们对自己的同类采取的侵略性和粗鲁行为,对他们造成重大或微不足道的损害或伤害。”这个概念强调了暴力与导致不可逆转的身体伤害的使用武力之间的联系。儿童、妇女和老人最容易受到暴力侵害。 在这方面,个人暴力是在家庭暴力的范围内进行研究的。另一方面,个人暴力是导致集体暴力的一个组成部分。随之而来的损害也是根据个人所经历的事件从个人的角度进行评估的。使用武器是暴力活动中最常见的方法之一。 枪支不仅是加剧暴力后果的一个组成部分,也是导致暴力的一个因素。随着私人武器的增长,包括我们自己国家在内的世界各地的暴力和致死事件都显着增加。持枪谋杀占总数的很大一部分。60% 的暴力死亡包括使用枪支。 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as “a scenario in which physical force or power is used to another person in the form of a deliberate threat or actuality, resulting in or likely to result in damage, death, or psychological harm to the person exposed.” Domestic violence includes abuse against children, the elderly, and, in particular, violence against women by a spouse. In both rich and developing countries, violence is a major public health issue. Violence against women is a major issue all around the world. Acts of violence, according to lawyers, are “aggressive and rudeness that people engage in against their like, causing substantial or insignificant damage or injury to them.” This concept highlights the connection between violence and the use of force that results in irreversible physical injury. Children, women, and the elderly are the most vulnerable to violence. Individual violence is researched within the umbrella of domestic violence in this regard. Individual violence, on the other hand, is a component that contributes to collective violence. The consequent damages are also assessed from an individual standpoint, based on the incident that person has gone through. The employment of weapons is one of the most common methods seen in violent activities. Firearms, in addition to being a component that aggravates the outcome of violence, are also a factor that causes violence. With the growth of private weapons, there has been a significant surge in both violent and death-ending incidents around the world, including our own nation. Murders committed with guns account for a significant portion of the total. 60% of violent deaths include the use of a firearm. 关于这个主题 a)他们将发送的海报与以下一种或多种类型的暴力有关, •针对妇女的暴力, •针对儿童的暴力, •针对老年人的暴力, •对员工的暴力行为, •针对残疾人的暴力, •针对难民的暴力, •针对动物的暴力, •社交媒体暴力。 b)希望通过符合以下参与条件的暴力主题海报参与。 VIOLENCE AGAINST; CLICK ON THE TOPICS FOR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES women children refugees disabled employee animals 大赛日期 开放报名:2021年11月1日 截止日期:2022 年 4 月 15 日 评委会评议:2022年4月17日至2022年4月25日 结果公布:2021年4月30日 大赛奖项 在比赛中排名前三的艺术家将获得1枚BIAH水晶牌匾、参赛证书和特别版目录。 参加比赛的条件 参加比赛对每个人都是开放和免费的。 发送海报没有限制。 支持视觉设计的口头信息(标题、口号等)可以在海报中使用。 信息/口号的语言仅为英语。 海报应以4134 x 5906px, 300dpi, RGB(垂直)和JPEG格式发送。不适当的设计将在未经评估的情况下被淘汰。 设计中不应有任何标志、机构名称或标志。 提交的设计必须没有在任何地方展出,出版或获奖。之前曾参展或参加过展览的作品申请,在评审阶段前将被淘汰。如果在识别出前三次运行后出现这种情况,则排名将更新为跳过一行。在这种情况下,考生有义务退还成绩证书和奖金。 这种情况持续的测定过程与公众共享的海报在网站上,悬架设计的5天,从列表中移除设计有异议或检测时对于相似,并公告通过添加下一个设计。对新增的设计给予2天的异议期。如果没有人反对,最终结果将公布。如果对增加的设计提出异议,组委会将决定是否继续这一过程。 将对活动中指定主题的海报设计进行评估。 海报设计不应使用赞助商、商业标志或视觉效果。此外,它不应该包含政治的、违反人权的或包含性的符号和图像。 只有通过biahposter.com网站提交的申请才会被考虑。 https://www.biahposter.com/theme/ 如组委会认为有必要,可随时更改展览日程或取消展览。 主办单位和组委会有权决定是否通知参赛单位。 所有参加活动的艺术家/设计师,其设计被认为是值得展出的,即被视为预先接受了本规范的规定。 国际评审团 官方网站 https://www.biahposter.com/theme/ 参赛提交 https://www.biahposter.com/submit-now/ 身体暴力、情感暴力、性暴力和经济暴力是对妇女的四种主要暴力类型。 身体暴力被定义为对伤者身体完整性的破坏。 使用武力产生的暴力会对人的身体造成暂时或永久的伤害,甚至可能导致死亡。 身体暴力也用于性暴力。 然而,为了被归类为性暴力,该行为必须是对个人性完整性的侵犯。 这种类型的攻击不一定是物理攻击。 性暴力包括例如言语性骚扰。 当情感和经济暴力发生时,不会得出任何结论。 实际上,它们是最普遍的,但也是最不常见的,因此是最难打击的暴力类型。 Physical, emotional, sexual, and economic violence are the four main types of violence against women. Physical violence is defined as a breach of the wounded person’s physical integrity. The violence produced by the use of physical force can inflict temporary or permanent harm to a person’s body, and can even result in death. Physical violence is also used in the practice of sexual violence. However, in order to be classified as sexual violence, the act must be of the magnitude of an assault on the person’s sexual integrity. This type of attack does not necessarily have to be physical. Sexual violence includes, for example, verbal sexual harassment. When emotional and economic violence occurs, no conclusions are made. In reality, they are the most prevalent, but also the least common, and hence the most difficult kinds of violence to combat. 在所有暴力案件中,针对儿童的暴力案件是危害最大的案件,也是最隐蔽、最不报的案件。 针对儿童的暴力行为通常被称为虐待儿童,因为它会阻碍儿童的发展。 从最广泛的意义上讲,身体虐待被描述为“对孩子的非意外伤害”。 最普遍的例子是身体虐待和殴打青少年。 身体虐待被定义为“导致出现瘀斑、骨折、烧伤和其他对身体造成身体伤害的病变的虐待”。 非意外伤害和虐待儿童是身体虐待的例子。 Cases of violence against children are the ones that do the most harm among all cases of violence, and they are the ones that are the most concealed and unreported. Violence against children is commonly referred to as child abuse since it impedes the child’s development. In its widest meaning, physical abuse is described as “non-accidental damage to a kid.” The most prevalent type of instance is physical abuse and beating of a youngster. Physical abuse is defined as “abuse that causes the appearance of ecchymoses, fractures, burns, and other lesions that inflict physical harm to the body.” Non-accidental injuries and child abuse are examples of physical abuse. 难民是“有充分理由害怕因种族、宗教、国籍、特定社会团体的成员身份或政治观点而受到迫害的人,因此离开他/她的国家并且无法或不愿返回 因为他/她的恐惧”。 拥有难民身份的人已经在自己的国家,在逃亡过程中,在庇护国; 他们是强奸、迫害、恐怖主义和种族清洗等多种形式暴力的受害者。 针对难民妇女的暴力行为与儿童一样普遍。 他们面临诸如对妇女的性暴力和身体暴力、剥削和歧视、被迫从事性工作等情况。 A refugee is “a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion and therefore leaves his/her country and is unable or unwilling to return because of his/her fear”. Persons with refugee status are already in their own country, in the process of escape, in the country of asylum; They are the victims of many forms of violence such as rape, persecution, terrorism and ethnic cleansing. Violence against refugee women is as common as children. They are exposed to situations such as sexual and physical violence against women, exploitation and discrimination, being forced into sex work. 残障暴力是近年来针对残障人士的最突出的行为类别。 障碍带来的限制也限制了人们在遭受暴力时的反应。 基本上,问题在于限制一项或多项日常关键任务的身体或精神障碍者的反应受到限制。 此外,护理人员的攻击性在这一人群中尤为突出,其中护理更为重要。 Disabled violence has been the most conspicuous category of acts against disabled persons in recent years. The limitation imposed by handicap also limits people’s responses when they are subjected to violence. Basically, the issue is that a person with a physical or mental impairment that restricts one or more key daily tasks is restricted in response. In addition, caregiver aggression comes to the fore in this demographic, where care is more significant. “围攻”是一个包括各个阶段的过程。 形成过程中涉及各种心理因素,并对目标人群的健康产生不利影响。 对受害者影响最大的“围攻”的频率、重复次数和持续时间。 心理暴力越大,持续时间越长,其影响就越大。 因遭受心理暴力而变得不快乐和孤僻的人的私人和社交生活会受到影响。 “围攻”过程中经常使用的方式之一是诽谤或诽谤受害者。 被害人的表现、能力和技巧虽然高,但表现不充分,或者一些以前没有投诉的错误可能会被视为问题。 “Mobbing” is a process that includes various stages. Various psychological factors are involved in the formation process and adversely affect the health of the targeted person. The frequency, repetition and duration of the “mobbing” that affect the victim the most. The greater the psychological violence and the longer its duration, the greater its effect. The private and social life of the person who becomes unhappy and withdrawn by being exposed to psychological violence is affected. One of the ways frequently used in the process of “mobbing” is to defame or defame the victim. Although the victim’s performance, ability and skill are high, they are shown as inadequate or some mistakes that were not subject to complaint before may be seen as a problem.
- 2021博鲁国际艺术馆 第三届国际海报设计大赛比赛主题 反对暴力 social media violence 什么是暴力? 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 将暴力定义为“以蓄意威胁或现实的形式对他人使用武力或权力,导致或可能导致对他人造成损害、死亡或心理伤害的情况。暴露的人。” 家庭暴力包括虐待儿童、老人,尤其是配偶对妇女的暴力。在发达国家和发展中国家,暴力都是一个主要的公共卫生问题。对妇女的暴力是全世界的一个主要问题。 根据律师的说法,暴力行为是“人们对自己的同类采取的侵略性和粗鲁行为,对他们造成重大或微不足道的损害或伤害。”这个概念强调了暴力与导致不可逆转的身体伤害的使用武力之间的联系。儿童、妇女和老人最容易受到暴力侵害。 在这方面,个人暴力是在家庭暴力的范围内进行研究的。另一方面,个人暴力是导致集体暴力的一个组成部分。随之而来的损害也是根据个人所经历的事件从个人的角度进行评估的。使用武器是暴力活动中最常见的方法之一。 枪支不仅是加剧暴力后果的一个组成部分,也是导致暴力的一个因素。随着私人武器的增长,包括我们自己国家在内的世界各地的暴力和致死事件都显着增加。持枪谋杀占总数的很大一部分。60% 的暴力死亡包括使用枪支。 关于这个主题 a)他们将发送的海报与以下一种或多种类型的暴力有关, •针对妇女的暴力, •针对儿童的暴力, •针对老年人的暴力, •对员工的暴力行为, •针对残疾人的暴力, •针对难民的暴力, •针对动物的暴力, •社交媒体暴力。 b)希望通过符合以下参与条件的暴力主题海报参与。 VIOLENCE AGAINST; CLICK ON THE TOPICS FOR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES women children refugees disabled employee animals 大赛日期 开放报名:2021年11月1日 截止日期:2022 年 4 月 15 日 评委会评议:2022年4月17日至2022年4月25日 结果公布:2021年4月30日 大赛奖项 在比赛中排名前三的艺术家将获得1枚BIAH水晶牌匾、参赛证书和特别版目录。 参加比赛的条件 参加比赛对每个人都是开放和免费的。 发送海报没有限制。 支持视觉设计的口头信息(标题、口号等)可以在海报中使用。 信息/口号的语言仅为英语。 海报应以4134 x 5906px, 300dpi, RGB(垂直)和JPEG格式发送。不适当的设计将在未经评估的情况下被淘汰。 设计中不应有任何标志、机构名称或标志。 提交的设计必须没有在任何地方展出,出版或获奖。之前曾参展或参加过展览的作品申请,在评审阶段前将被淘汰。如果在识别出前三次运行后出现这种情况,则排名将更新为跳过一行。在这种情况下,考生有义务退还成绩证书和奖金。 这种情况持续的测定过程与公众共享的海报在网站上,悬架设计的5天,从列表中移除设计有异议或检测时对于相似,并公告通过添加下一个设计。对新增的设计给予2天的异议期。如果没有人反对,最终结果将公布。如果对增加的设计提出异议,组委会将决定是否继续这一过程。 将对活动中指定主题的海报设计进行评估。 海报设计不应使用赞助商、商业标志或视觉效果。此外,它不应该包含政治的、违反人权的或包含性的符号和图像。 只有通过biahposter.com网站提交的申请才会被考虑。 https://www.biahposter.com/theme/ 如组委会认为有必要,可随时更改展览日程或取消展览。 主办单位和组委会有权决定是否通知参赛单位。 所有参加活动的艺术家/设计师,其设计被认为是值得展出的,即被视为预先接受了本规范的规定。 国际评审团 官方网站 https://www.biahposter.com/theme/ 参赛提交 https://www.biahposter.com/submit-now/ 身体暴力、情感暴力、性暴力和经济暴力是对妇女的四种主要暴力类型。 身体暴力被定义为对伤者身体完整性的破坏。 使用武力产生的暴力会对人的身体造成暂时或永久的伤害,甚至可能导致死亡。 身体暴力也用于性暴力。 然而,为了被归类为性暴力,该行为必须是对个人性完整性的侵犯。 这种类型的攻击不一定是物理攻击。 性暴力包括例如言语性骚扰。 当情感和经济暴力发生时,不会得出任何结论。 实际上,它们是最普遍的,但也是最不常见的,因此是最难打击的暴力类型。 在所有暴力案件中,针对儿童的暴力案件是危害最大的案件,也是最隐蔽、最不报的案件。 针对儿童的暴力行为通常被称为虐待儿童,因为它会阻碍儿童的发展。 从最广泛的意义上讲,身体虐待被描述为“对孩子的非意外伤害”。 最普遍的例子是身体虐待和殴打青少年。 身体虐待被定义为“导致出现瘀斑、骨折、烧伤和其他对身体造成身体伤害的病变的虐待”。 非意外伤害和虐待儿童是身体虐待的例子。 难民是“有充分理由害怕因种族、宗教、国籍、特定社会团体的成员身份或政治观点而受到迫害的人,因此离开他/她的国家并且无法或不愿返回 因为他/她的恐惧”。 拥有难民身份的人已经在自己的国家,在逃亡过程中,在庇护国; 他们是强奸、迫害、恐怖主义和种族清洗等多种形式暴力的受害者。 针对难民妇女的暴力行为与儿童一样普遍。 他们面临诸如对妇女的性暴力和身体暴力、剥削和歧视、被迫从事性工作等情况。 残障暴力是近年来针对残障人士的最突出的行为类别。 障碍带来的限制也限制了人们在遭受暴力时的反应。 基本上,问题在于限制一项或多项日常关键任务的身体或精神障碍者的反应受到限制。 此外,护理人员的攻击性在这一人群中尤为突出,其中护理更为重要。 “围攻”是一个包括各个阶段的过程。 形成过程中涉及各种心理因素,并对目标人群的健康产生不利影响。 对受害者影响最大的“围攻”的频率、重复次数和持续时间。 心理暴力越大,持续时间越长,其影响就越大。 因遭受心理暴力而变得不快乐和孤僻的人的私人和社交生活会受到影响。 “围攻”过程中经常使用的方式之一是诽谤或诽谤受害者。 被害人的表现、能力和技巧虽然高,但表现不充分,或者一些以前没有投诉的错误可能会被视为问题。